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Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent and deadliest forms of cancer worldwide, but its impact is particularly severe in Asia. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), lung cancer accounts for nearly 20% of all cancer-related deaths globally, with a significant portion occurring in Asian countries. Factors such as high smoking rates, urban pollution, and genetic predispositions make lung cancer a critical health issue in this region.
Asia presents unique challenges in lung cancer prevention. Countries like China, India, and Indonesia have some of the highest smoking rates in the world, which dramatically increases the prevalence of lung cancer. Furthermore, rapid industrialisation and air pollution contribute to higher risk levels. Even among non-smokers, environmental factors such as secondhand smoke and indoor air pollution from cooking fuel pose threats.
While lifestyle and environmental factors play a significant role, genetics also contributes to lung cancer risk. Research shows that certain gene mutations, such as EGFR and ALK, are more common in Asian populations than in Western populations. These genetic variations not only affect susceptibility but also influence treatment options, making genetic testing and prediction even more critical.
Lung cancer risk prediction uses genetic testing, family history, and lifestyle factors to estimate an individual’s likelihood of developing the disease. Predictive genetic testing can identify mutations or markers linked to higher risk, enabling early interventions such as regular screenings, lifestyle changes, and preventive therapies.
The cultural and environmental context of Asia makes predictive testing especially important. With limited access to advanced healthcare in some areas and late-stage diagnoses being common, early prediction can significantly improve survival rates. Predictive testing helps individuals in high-risk categories get earlier screenings like low-dose CT scans, which are proven to detect cancer earlier.
Early prediction of lung cancer risk brings several benefits:
Despite its benefits, predictive lung cancer testing faces challenges in Asia:
In Singapore, genetic testing is regulated under strict guidelines to ensure patient confidentiality and informed consent. The Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) protects sensitive genetic information, and counselling is recommended to help individuals understand the implications of testing. Other countries in Asia are introducing similar frameworks to address ethical and legal concerns.
In Singapore, MyDNA offers predictive testing. This typically includes sample collection and risk interpretation.
Advances in genomics, AI, and machine learning will make lung cancer prediction more accurate and affordable. Integration of predictive genetic testing into national healthcare programs could significantly reduce lung cancer mortality rates across Asia.
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